Gondek, Dave, David Ferrucci, Luis Von Ahn, Todd Crain, Ken Jennings, Harry Friedman, Eric Brown, Terry Winograd, Rodney Brooks, Doug Lenat, Charles Lickel, Marvin Minsky, Sajit Rao, Sebastian Thrun, Alex Trebek, Alex Waibel, Chris Welty, and Patrick Winston. Interview. NOVA. PBS. PBS, 2 May 2012. Television. Transcript.
Baker, Stephen. 2011. Final Jeopardy: Man vs. Machine and the Quest to Know Everything. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.
What is AI? It stands for artificial intelligence, and has been both a dream and a nightmare for humans since its conception by Isaac Asimov. In this Documentary, Smartest Machine on Earth, IBM, MIT, Stanford, and Carnegie Mellon researchers explain the concept of AI and the different ways of achieving AI with language recognition. There are two concepts utilised when forming AI, the “writing down the recipe” concept is where the programmer tells the computer a set of rules that govern language such as common sense. Unfortunately, with such intuitive things as word puns and the tediousness of finding and inputting over 6,000 common-sense rules into the computer, such a technique isn’t viable for the language recognition challenge, and so the documentary explains machine learning, where the programmer feeds the computer millions of examples and the computer creates its own rules from them. It’s basic logic, since figuring out and programming each rule into a system is much more time-consuming than simply letting the machine figure out rules for itself. It explains how we underestimate the complexities of the human brain, and the difficulties of understanding language and object recognition.
This first lady was born Thelma Catherine Ryan, on March 16, 1912, in Nevada. Watson?
Who was Richard Nixon? With so many robotic apocalyptic sci-fi films, many humans are worried of a possible robot takeover should we ever develop a ‘true’ AI with human emotions and thinking capabilities. So it’s a little worrying to some viewers who see Watson, so used to old video clips of evil AI’s that try to take over the world, playing Jeopardy! as an AI and dominating the factual questions in Jeopardy!. Watson doesn’t seem quite as threatening when he can’t even tell the difference between male and female, though, and we all get a good laugh at that. The team of researchers creating Watson created a ‘cloud’ graph of accuracies and scores to compare the AI’s capabilities to those of human contestants. Through viewing the graph, with a blue cloud of human players and red line of the AI standing, it’s easy to see that initially there was much work to do in order to get Watson at a level capable of competing with the best.
i shot an elephant in pajamas. Well, was the elephant in pajamas, was ‘I’ in pajamas? Did you actually shoot the elephant with a gun? Or, did you take a picture, ‘shoot a picture’, of an elephant, while in pajamas? This interesting cartoon is used in the documentary to show just how complex the human language is, having so many nuances and interpretations within each phrase. It’s also a great laugh and keeps us interested in the topic, how the researchers will overcome this common sense language barrier that is so difficult for computers to ‘understand’. Wonderful little anecdotes like Deep Blue, the computer programmed solely to play chess, helps to alleviate some of the worry of a robotic takeover, since it is explained that Deep Blue doesn’t actually think, it just plots out every possible outcome in a game of chess and then proceeds to go with the process that will result in victory. It can only play chess, as Watson can only play Jeopardy!. The researchers themselves hope that one day this technology may be utilised for things such as medical diagnosis, a program able to sift through thousands of medical journals and keep track of thousands of symptoms and examples, creating rules of diagnosis that will be much more accurate than a human doctor and may help save lives.